Journal of Drug Designing- Lupine Publishers

Science and War Through the Ages by Benjamín Ruiz Loyola in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers.

In all animal species competition between individuals is presented to obtain mainly food and reproduction; When there are not enough satisfiers, there are disputes that usually stop when there is a winner, without individuals dying. The defeated one retires, and the winner is satisfied with the victory and, eventually, with the dominion over the rest of the group, which implies that he will eat and mate before the others. So far, animals do not have too much trouble. But the human is a very special animal, because he has a memory.Remembering the past allows you to anticipate the future; the loser analyzes the reasons that made his opponent win and plans how to win in the next match. The winner does the same to strengthen their strengths, overcome the weak and anticipate the actions of the opponent, exactly as in a game of chess. It then presents the convenience of killing the loser, in order to avoid his rematch and let future challengers know what to expect. When it is evident that a combat between individuals anticipates a defeat, it is sought to go for reinforcements thus forming the first armies, often initiated by groups of losers who seek to defeat the former winner. And so, a chain is generated. In a short time, human beings begin to wage war not because the species is more violent, but because it is more intelligent. Precisely, knowledge is constructed from remembering, analyzing, anticipating and reproducing, in such a way that the human being builds his knowledge in charitable matters and in others that are rather negative.To know more click on below link.

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/science-and-war-through-the-ages.ID.000142.php

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Journal of Intellectual Properties-Lupine Publishers

A Review on Biomedical Applications of PolymericNanoparticles by A Krishna Sailaja in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers.

Splendid achievements have been made in management of disease through invention of drugs over past decade. The present conventional drug delivery systems often have side-effects and complications due to their wide distribution throughout the body fluids. The localization of drug action in injured tissue is a promising way to solve this problem. The objective of drug targeting is to achieve a desired pharmacological response at a selected site without undesirable interaction at other sites. This is especially important in cancer chemotherapy and rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Recently invention of drugs has been generated by various drug delivery systems like microspheres, liposomes, noisomes, nanocapsules and nanoparticles. Among all colloidal drug carriers’ nanoparticles are gaining more popularity because of their stability, easy preparation, for achieving reduced toxicity, for increased drug efficacy & site targeted action. Nanoparticulation is a very useful strategy towards targeted drug delivery and also for enhancement of bioavailability of low soluble drugs. In this article nanoparticles preparation methods and their biomedical applications were discussed in detail.

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/a-review-on-biomedical-applications-of-polymeric-nanoparticles.ID.000140.php

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Intellectual Property Journal-Lupine Publishers

The Frey Effect of Microwave Sonic Weapons by Robert Skopec in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers.

State Department evacuates a number of Americans from the U.S. consulate in Guangzhou, China after they experienced unexplained health issues. A group of U.S. diplomats stationed in China have been brought back to the states after being inflicted by a mystery illness that reportedly resembles the brain injuries previously suffered by staff in Cuba. Heather Nauert, a State Department spokeswoman, said in a statement that the individuals from the U.S. office in Guangzhou were returned home for further evaluation. It was unclear if there was any connection to last year’s situation in Cuba where 24 US government employees experienced a range of ailments after hearing an unusual sound.To know more click on below link.

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/the-frey-effect-of-microwave-sonic-weapons.ID.000137.php

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Lupine Publishers-Journal of Drug Design and Research

The Names of Drugs In “Kutadgu Bilig”  by Kholmuradova Mushtariy in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers.

The indication includes a variety of drug names and information about how to use them for diseases. Used drug terms and names for the development of pharmacy, and types of drugs provides information on the methods of treatment.
Urağun: bitter drug, poison: Beδük bir biçäkig Elikdä tutar
Solındın urağun oŋındın şäkär. “Holding a big knife, on the left side – similar drugs, on the right side sugar syrup” (757-couplet). “In the ancient Turkic language,” the word urağun meant one of the bitter liquid of Indian oldest drugs (DTС, 614). R.Arat gives his opinion about this medicine “Hindistandan gelen bir ilâç” [1]. As mentioned in couplet if oppressed or violated man could find justice from the ruler he could be treated with syrup. In contrast violent and oppressor and unfair man were forced to drink from poison. By the justification of the ruler oppressors were suffering of drinking uragun (poison). The word uragun was mentioned above was used in figurative sense, the citizens of Kuntugdi based on the ideas of justice and to show that the evil of oppressors are sentenced to achieve for the justification.

Ötrüm: dehydration which was used for cleaning body. In the indication is noted that when Oytoldi was ill doctors advised her to take out some of her blood. Mean while, she was advised by other doctors to take ötrüm: Qayu aydı ötrüm içürgü keräk. Özin qatmış emdi boşutğu keräk . “Some of them told: to take drug for dehydration as cannot digest, intestines must be softened”(1045- couplet).To know more click on below link.

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/the-names-of-drugs-in-kutadgu-bilig.ID.000133.php

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Drug Designing & Intellectual Properties journals- Lupine Publishers

Beyond Pain, Fear, Withdrawal-Findings, And Problems Involving Change - Treatment and Application for A Chronic Addiction on Alcohol Do Not End by Loai Aljerf in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers

Alcohol use disorders (AUD) involving hazardous, harmful and addictive misuse of alcohol are widespread in most parts of the world. The aim of this study was to review the effect of the common inhibitors in the treatment of patients with AUD, taking into consideration, the short- and long- terms abstinence. An extensive literature search conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL databases identified 776 articles, which were then evaluated for pre‐specified criteria for relevance and quality assurance. A total of 38 articles, including 36 human studies and 2 animal studies, were selected for this review. Many inhibitors used in the treatment of alcoholism and some were considered of effective medication when their intakes are supervised by an expert. However, their therapeutic efficacies vary widely; for instance, disulfiram is a pro-drug that requires its transformation into an active form and because it shows a wide range of secondary effects, it often prevents the use of doses that ensure full therapeutic effectiveness. Sex hormones play an important role in establishing sex‐distinctive brain structural and functional variations that could contribute to the sex differences in alcohol consumption behavior. Existing evidence supports the association of increased testosterone level and increased risk for alcohol use and AUD in males. In contrast, the evidence supports the association of increased estrogen level and increased alcohol use in females. Much less is known about the impact of progestins on alcohol use and misuse in human subjects. Future observational and experimental studies conducted in both sexes with a comprehensive hormone panel are needed to elucidate the impact of the interplay between various sex hormone levels during various developmental stages on alcohol userelated phenotypes and AUD. On the other hand, alcohol withdrawal-especially delirium tremens (DT)-is a potentially life-threatening condition. While short-term treatment regimens and factors that predispose to more severe symptomatology have been extensively studied, little attention has been paid to the clinical epidemiology and long-term care of the chronic medical, addictive, psychiatric, and psychosocial problems faced by these patients. Chronic alcoholic patients are frequently suffering from specific micronutrient deficiencies, including vitamins involved in one carbon metabolism. The deficiencies commonly involve folate, vitamin B6, thiamine, and vitamin A. Inadequate dietary intake is a major cause of the vitamin deficiency. As a consequence of chronic alcohol intake, could lead to metabolic disruption and potentially to hyperhomocysteinemia. Alcoholism can affect the absorption, storage, metabolism, and activation of many of these vitamins.

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/abstracts/beyond-pain-fear-withdrawal-findings-and-problems-involving-change-treatment-and-application-for-a-chronic-addiction-on-alcohol-do-not-end.ID.000130.php

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/beyond-pain-fear-withdrawal-findings-and-problems-involving-change-treatment-and-application-for-a-chronic-addiction-on-alcohol-do-not-end.ID.000130.php

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Journal of Drug Design and Development-Lupine Publishers

Secret Sonic Weapons’ War Lead to Carcinogenesis by Robert Skopec  in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers 

State Department evacuates a number of Americans from the US consulate in Guangzhou, China after they experienced unexplained health issues. A group of US diplomats stationed in China have been brought back to the states after being inflicted by a mystery illness that reportedly resembles the brain injuries previously suffered by staff in Cuba. Heather Nauert, a State Department spokeswoman, said in a statement that the individuals from the US office in Guangzhou were returned home for further evaluation. It was unclear if there was any connection to last year’s situation in Cuba where 24 US government employees experienced a range of ailments after hearing an unusual sound.

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/abstracts/secret-sonic-weapons-war-lead-to-carcinogenesis.ID.000129.php

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/secret-sonic-weapons-war-lead-to-carcinogenesis.ID.000129.php

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An Overview on Niosomes: A Drug Nanocarrier:(DDIPIJ)- Lupine Publishers

An Overview on Niosomes: A Drug Nanocarrier by Dina Louis in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers

Niosome are non-ionic surfactant vesicles acquired on hydration of synthetic nonionic surfactants, with or without consolidation of cholesterol or their lipids. They are vesicular systems like liposome’s that can be utilized as transporters of amphiphilic and lipophilic medications. Niosomes are promising vehicle for drug delivery and being non-ionic; and Niosomes are biodegradable, biocompatible non immunogenic and show adaptability and flexibility in their structural characterization. Niosomes have been generally assessed for controlled discharge and targeted delivery for the treatment of tumor, viral infections and other microbial illnesses. Niosomes can entangle both hydrophilic and lipophilic medications and can prolong the circulation of the entrapped medication in body. Encapsulation of medication in vesicular system can be anticipated to delay the presence of medication in the systemic circulation and enhance penetration into target tissue, maybe decrease toxicity if specific take-up can be accomplished. This review focuses on components of niosomes, types, the advantages, preparation methods, factors affecting, characterizations, and applications of noisome.

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/abstracts/an-overview-on-niosomes-a-drug-nanocarrier.ID.000125.php

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/an-overview-on-niosomes-a-drug-nanocarrier.ID.000125.php

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Chemical Study by GC-MS of the Essential Oils of Certain Mints Grown In the Region of Settat (Morocco): Mentha Piperita, Mentha Pulegium and Mentha Spicata: (DDIPIJ) - Lupine Publishers

Chemical Study by GC-MS of the Essential Oils of Certain Mints Grown In the Region of Settat (Morocco): Mentha Piperita, Mentha Pulegium and Mentha Spicata by Ayoub Ainane in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers

This work aims to evaluate the composition of the essential oils of certain mints grown in the region of Settat Morocco and to determine their chemical compositions. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation have an average yield of: 2.93% for Mentha pulegium, 1.23% for Mentha piperita and 0.91% for Mentha spicata. Analyzes of oils by GC-MS, showed the presence of several components including Menthone (42.97%) and Menthol (27.64%) are the major components of Mentha piperita, piperitone (31.27%) and piperitenone (22.98%) were obtained as the major compounds of Mentha pulegium, and so the main essential oil compounds of Mentha spicata are carvone (33.14%) and trans-Carveol (20.06%).

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/abstracts/chemical-study-by-gc-ms-of-the-essential-oils-of-certain-mints-grown-in-the-region-of-settat-morocco-mentha-piperita-mentha-pulegium-and-mentha-spicata.ID.000120.php

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/chemical-study-by-gc-ms-of-the-essential-oils-of-certain-mints-grown-in-the-region-of-settat-morocco-mentha-piperita-mentha-pulegium-and-mentha-spicata.ID.000120.php

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»N2B-Patch« – Nose-To-Brain Delivery of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient via the Olfactory Region: (DDIPIJ) - Lupine Publishers

»N2B-Patch« – Nose-To-Brain Delivery of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient via the Olfactory Region by Carmen Gruber Traub in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers

Within the EU funded project »N2B-patch« eleven partners from eight countries aim to develop an innovative technology for the nose-to-brain delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient via the olfactory region for the regenerative treatment of multiple sclerosis using novel multi-functional biomaterials combined with a medical device. The four year EU-funded research involves an innovative method of bypassing the blood-brain barrier by delivering a potential multiple sclerosis drug with a special medical device via the nose directly to the brain. 

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/abstracts/n2b-patch-nose-to-brain-delivery-of-an-active-pharmaceutical-ingredient-via-the-olfactory-region.ID.000116.php

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/n2b-patch-nose-to-brain-delivery-of-an-active-pharmaceutical-ingredient-via-the-olfactory-region.ID.000116.php

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Structural and Vibrational Study On the Acid, Hexa-Hydrated and Anhydrous Trisodic Salts of Antiviral Drug Foscarnet: (DDIPIJ)-Lupine Publishers

Structural and Vibrational Study On the Acid, Hexa-Hydrated and Anhydrous Trisodic Salts of Antiviral Drug Foscarnet by Silvia A Brandán in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers

The structural and vibrational properties of acid species, hexa-hydrated and anhydrous trisodic salts of antiviral drug foscarnet in gas phase and in aqueous solution have been studied in this work by using the hybrid B3LYP method with the 6-31G* and 6-311++G** basis sets. The properties in solution were carried out with the self consistent reaction force (SCRF) method by using the integral equation formalism variant polarised continuum (IEFPCM) and SD models while the complete vibrational assignments for those three species were performed in both media by using the experimental available infrared spectrum of hexa-hydrated trisodic salt and the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) methodology. The natural bond orbital (NBO) studies suggest that the hexa-hydrated salt in solution is most stable than the anhydrous one in the same medium but in gas phases the anhydrous salt shows a higher stability in solution. The atoms in molecules (AIM) analyses have revealed the ionic characteristics of the O--- Na bonds in both salts supporting the higher stability of the hexa-hydrated salt in solution. The evaluation of the frontier orbitals show that the anhydrous salt is the most reactive species in solution, as supported by its higher solvation energy and volume variation. Apparently, the presences of phosphate group in foscarnet probably increase its activity when it is used as drug. The experimental infrared bands observed in the hexa-hydrated species at 1059 and 983 cm-1 are clearly attributed to the stretching modes of phosphate group while the strong bands at 1445 and 1333 cm-1 are associated to the stretching modes of carboxylate group. In addition, the force constants for the carboxylate and phosphate groups are reported.

https://www.lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/abstracts/structural-and-vibrational-study-on-the-acid-hexa-hydrated-and-anhydrous-trisodic-salts-of-antiviral-drug-foscarnet.ID.000114.php

https://www.lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/structural-and-vibrational-study-on-the-acid-hexa-hydrated-and-anhydrous-trisodic-salts-of-antiviral-drug-foscarnet.ID.000114.php

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Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Property of Selected Medicinal Plants Native to Cambodia:(DDIPIJ)-Lupine Publishers

Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Property of Selected Medicinal Plants Native to Cambodia by Samell Keo in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers

Cambodian medicinal plants have been used to treat different diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, cancers, diabetes and AIDS. This study aimed at conducting the Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activities of whole plant of BryophyIIumpinnatum (Lam.) Kurz, barks of Dillenia ovata Wall. ex Hook. f. & Thomson, rhizomes of Drynariafortunei (Kunze ex Mett.) J. Sm. and barks of Lophopetalumwallichii Kurz. native to Cambodia. All the plants were extracted with ethanolby maceration extraction method. The Phytochemical analysis for alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, steroids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, essential oils, saponins and resins by using the standard methods. The in vitro antioxidant property was evaluated by assessing the DPPH' radical scavenging ability. The preliminary Phytochemical evaluation of these species exhibited that the ethanolic extracts of B. pinnatum (whole plant), D. ovata (barks), D.fortunei (rhizomes) and L.waIIichii (barks) contain alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and resins. Moreover, the ethanolic extracts of B. pinnatum whole plant, D. ovata barks, and D.fortunei rhizomes possess coumarins and steroids, and of L.waIIichii barks have essential oils. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the species B. pinnatum whole plant, D. ovata barks, D.fortunei rhizomes and L.waIIichii barks have prominent antioxidant activities. This study suggests the potential source of natural antioxidant in B. pinnatum, D. ovata, D.fortunei and L.waIIichii native to Cambodia. Further research is highly recommended on the isolation of the antioxidant compounds from these species.

http://www.lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/abstracts/phytochemical-analysis-and-antioxidant-property-of-selected-medicinal-plants-native-to-cambodia.ID.000109.php
http://www.lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/phytochemical-analysis-and-antioxidant-property-of-selected-medicinal-plants-native-to-cambodia.ID.000109.php

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