Journal of Drug Designing-Lupine Publishers

Solid State Characterization for a Comparative Evaluationof the Biofield Energy Treated and Un-treatedAscorbic Acid by Snehasis Jana in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers.

Ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin that mainly acts as an antioxidant and helps in controlling and maintaining various body functions. The study was designed to analyze the impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the physicochemical and thermal properties of ascorbic acid by using sophisticated analytical techniques. For the study, the test sample ascorbic acid was divided into the control and treated sample. To the control sample, no Biofield Energy Treatment was provided. However, the treated sample received the Biofield Energy Treatment remotely by the renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton, USA. The PXRD peak intensities and crystallite sizes of the treated sample significantly altered ranging from -78.43% to 1168.06% and -62.38% to 126.83%, respectively; along with 24.99% decrease in the average crystallite size as compared to the control sample. The particle size values in the treated sample by 9.59% (d10), 21.63% (d50), 16.55% (d90), and 17.97% {D(4,3)}, respectively; hence the specific surface area was increased by 16.67% compared to the control sample. The weight loss was increased by 6.67%; however, the residue amount was found to be significantly decreased by 28.59% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The Tmax of the treated sample corresponding to 1st and 2nd peaks were decreased by 0.33% and 4.09%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Moreover, the latent heat of fusion was significantly increased by 13.74% as compared to the control sample. Besides, the degradation temperature and ΔHdecomposition of the treated sample were significantly reduced by 6.54% and 20.46%, respectively, as compared to the control sample. The Trivedi Effect® might help in forming a novel polymorphic form of ascorbic acid that may also prove to be more soluble, absorbable, and bioavailable than the untreated sample. Thus, the Trivedi Effect® might be considered as a novel approach for designing the more efficacious ascorbic acid containing nutraceutical/pharmaceutical formulations. To know more click on below link.

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/solid-state-characterization-for-a-comparative-evaluation.ID.000149.php

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Journal of Drug Design and Research-Lupine Publishers

Bioequivalent Drugs: Towards A Needed HolisticParadigm Shift? by François-Xavier Lacasse in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers.

The author of this short communication has been working in and teaching drug development for the last 20 years. He has been involved in more than 100 drug development projects, including drug delivery, medical device, biologics, innovators and generic drugs. He has also been involved in all the steps that are needed to file properly to different governmental agencies investigational new drug applications (IND), clinical trial applications (CTA), abbreviated and new drug applications/submissions (ANDA\S; NDA/S), 505b2, 510k and biologics legal applications (BLA). After several other interactions with all the other actors, such as Health Canada (HC), the Food and Drug Agency (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), pharmacovigilance companies and consultants, public relation companies, insurance companies and especially patients, the author has decided to gather all the comments in order to initiate a kind of a new debate on the innovators and generic drugs. However, the goal of this current expert opinion is not to generate conflicts, or to compare generic versus innovator drugs in the sense that one is better than the other. To know more click on below link.

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/bioequivalent-drugs-towards-a-needed-holistic-paradigm-shift.ID.000144.php

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Intellectual Property Journal-Lupine Publishers

Genotoxic Impurities and Its Risk Assessment in DrugCompounds by Tabrez Shaikh in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers.

Pharmaceutical drugs are always associated with some unwanted chemicals along with active components. This unwanted chemical compound is called an impurity. Thus, the common definition of impurity is any substance coexisting with the drug substance, such as starting material, reagents, catalyst, raw material or intermediates arising during the synthesis or develop during storage or shipment of the drug. Impurities provide no benefit to the patient while it may have the potential to cause the adverse effect. International Council for Harmonisation in its guideline ICH S2 (R1) defines genotoxicity as “a broad term that refers to any deleterious change in the genetic material, regardless of the mechanism by which the change is induced.” While genotoxic impurities have been defined as “Impurity that has been demonstrated to be genotoxic in an appropriate genotoxicity test model, e.g., bacterial gene mutation (Ames) test” . A potential genotoxic impurity (PGI) has been defined as an “Impurity that shows a Structural alert for genotoxicity but that has not been tested in an experimental test model. Here potentially relates to genotoxicity, not to the presence or absence of this impurity”. Genotoxic impurities impact the genetic material by means of mutations through chromosomal breaks, rearrangements, covalent binding or insertion into the DNA during replication. These changes in the genetic material, caused by the exposure to very low levels of a genotoxic chemical, can lead to cancer. Thus, it is very important to identify genotoxic impurities in drugs followed by monitoring and control at very low levels to ensure safety to the public. To know more click on below link.

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/genotoxic-impurities-and-its-risk-assessment-in-drug-compounds.ID.000143.php

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Journal of Drug Designing- Lupine Publishers

Science and War Through the Ages by Benjamín Ruiz Loyola in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers.

In all animal species competition between individuals is presented to obtain mainly food and reproduction; When there are not enough satisfiers, there are disputes that usually stop when there is a winner, without individuals dying. The defeated one retires, and the winner is satisfied with the victory and, eventually, with the dominion over the rest of the group, which implies that he will eat and mate before the others. So far, animals do not have too much trouble. But the human is a very special animal, because he has a memory.Remembering the past allows you to anticipate the future; the loser analyzes the reasons that made his opponent win and plans how to win in the next match. The winner does the same to strengthen their strengths, overcome the weak and anticipate the actions of the opponent, exactly as in a game of chess. It then presents the convenience of killing the loser, in order to avoid his rematch and let future challengers know what to expect. When it is evident that a combat between individuals anticipates a defeat, it is sought to go for reinforcements thus forming the first armies, often initiated by groups of losers who seek to defeat the former winner. And so, a chain is generated. In a short time, human beings begin to wage war not because the species is more violent, but because it is more intelligent. Precisely, knowledge is constructed from remembering, analyzing, anticipating and reproducing, in such a way that the human being builds his knowledge in charitable matters and in others that are rather negative.To know more click on below link.

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/science-and-war-through-the-ages.ID.000142.php

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Journal of Intellectual Properties-Lupine Publishers

A Review on Biomedical Applications of PolymericNanoparticles by A Krishna Sailaja in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers.

Splendid achievements have been made in management of disease through invention of drugs over past decade. The present conventional drug delivery systems often have side-effects and complications due to their wide distribution throughout the body fluids. The localization of drug action in injured tissue is a promising way to solve this problem. The objective of drug targeting is to achieve a desired pharmacological response at a selected site without undesirable interaction at other sites. This is especially important in cancer chemotherapy and rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Recently invention of drugs has been generated by various drug delivery systems like microspheres, liposomes, noisomes, nanocapsules and nanoparticles. Among all colloidal drug carriers’ nanoparticles are gaining more popularity because of their stability, easy preparation, for achieving reduced toxicity, for increased drug efficacy & site targeted action. Nanoparticulation is a very useful strategy towards targeted drug delivery and also for enhancement of bioavailability of low soluble drugs. In this article nanoparticles preparation methods and their biomedical applications were discussed in detail.

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/a-review-on-biomedical-applications-of-polymeric-nanoparticles.ID.000140.php

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Intellectual Property Journal- Lupine Publishers

Successively Substituting an Additional 4-(2-Aminoethyl) Aniline Group in Fabricated Isoindoline-1,3-Dione Scaffold Enhances the Antimicrobial Potency: Part II of Research by Debarshi Kar Mahapatra in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers

The irrational use of antimicrobial agents for several decades has led to the drug-resistance among the patient population. Overcoming the present drug-resistance is a major challenge for modern day scientists. In order to counter this problem, several approaches have been utilized, one of which involve drug design and discovery, where new classes or unexplored chemical moieties are explored for a particular activity, either serendipitously or quite rationally. Learning lessons from the previously synthesized four compounds (Part-I of Research), we have now (Part-II of Research) designed two compounds (3 and 5) by incorporating an additional 4-(2-aminoethyl)aniline group in the fabricated isoindoline-1,3-dione scaffold by successive synthetic step utilizing similar protocol and screened them against the above four mentioned pathogenic microbes in a similar way. The present exploration is an attempt to rationally overcome the microbial drug resistance by the efficacious and potent nature of the compounds. Compound (5) exhibited the highest activity against A. niger with ZOI diameter of >29mm. All the compounds showed more or less nearly the same activity. From this study, it may be concluded that substituting the amine/amide-based components leads to an increase in the potency of the compared along with better-anti-fungal activity. Therefore, the current exploration helped to design the compounds which have better potency than our previous reports and also providing imperative knowledge regarding the selection of the substituents. The encouraging results will further motivate us in developing novel and better inhibitors of phthalimide scaffold in the future.

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/abstracts/successively-substituting-an-additional-4-2-aminoethyl-aniline-group-in-fabricated.ID.000132.php
https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/successively-substituting-an-additional-4-2-aminoethyl-aniline-group-in-fabricated.ID.000132.php

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Journal of Drug Design and Development-Lupine Publishers

Secret Sonic Weapons’ War Lead to Carcinogenesis by Robert Skopec  in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers 

State Department evacuates a number of Americans from the US consulate in Guangzhou, China after they experienced unexplained health issues. A group of US diplomats stationed in China have been brought back to the states after being inflicted by a mystery illness that reportedly resembles the brain injuries previously suffered by staff in Cuba. Heather Nauert, a State Department spokeswoman, said in a statement that the individuals from the US office in Guangzhou were returned home for further evaluation. It was unclear if there was any connection to last year’s situation in Cuba where 24 US government employees experienced a range of ailments after hearing an unusual sound.

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/abstracts/secret-sonic-weapons-war-lead-to-carcinogenesis.ID.000129.php

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/secret-sonic-weapons-war-lead-to-carcinogenesis.ID.000129.php

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An Overview on Niosomes: A Drug Nanocarrier:(DDIPIJ)- Lupine Publishers

An Overview on Niosomes: A Drug Nanocarrier by Dina Louis in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers

Niosome are non-ionic surfactant vesicles acquired on hydration of synthetic nonionic surfactants, with or without consolidation of cholesterol or their lipids. They are vesicular systems like liposome’s that can be utilized as transporters of amphiphilic and lipophilic medications. Niosomes are promising vehicle for drug delivery and being non-ionic; and Niosomes are biodegradable, biocompatible non immunogenic and show adaptability and flexibility in their structural characterization. Niosomes have been generally assessed for controlled discharge and targeted delivery for the treatment of tumor, viral infections and other microbial illnesses. Niosomes can entangle both hydrophilic and lipophilic medications and can prolong the circulation of the entrapped medication in body. Encapsulation of medication in vesicular system can be anticipated to delay the presence of medication in the systemic circulation and enhance penetration into target tissue, maybe decrease toxicity if specific take-up can be accomplished. This review focuses on components of niosomes, types, the advantages, preparation methods, factors affecting, characterizations, and applications of noisome.

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/abstracts/an-overview-on-niosomes-a-drug-nanocarrier.ID.000125.php

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/an-overview-on-niosomes-a-drug-nanocarrier.ID.000125.php

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Chemical Study by GC-MS of the Essential Oils of Certain Mints Grown In the Region of Settat (Morocco): Mentha Piperita, Mentha Pulegium and Mentha Spicata: (DDIPIJ) - Lupine Publishers

Chemical Study by GC-MS of the Essential Oils of Certain Mints Grown In the Region of Settat (Morocco): Mentha Piperita, Mentha Pulegium and Mentha Spicata by Ayoub Ainane in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers

This work aims to evaluate the composition of the essential oils of certain mints grown in the region of Settat Morocco and to determine their chemical compositions. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation have an average yield of: 2.93% for Mentha pulegium, 1.23% for Mentha piperita and 0.91% for Mentha spicata. Analyzes of oils by GC-MS, showed the presence of several components including Menthone (42.97%) and Menthol (27.64%) are the major components of Mentha piperita, piperitone (31.27%) and piperitenone (22.98%) were obtained as the major compounds of Mentha pulegium, and so the main essential oil compounds of Mentha spicata are carvone (33.14%) and trans-Carveol (20.06%).

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/abstracts/chemical-study-by-gc-ms-of-the-essential-oils-of-certain-mints-grown-in-the-region-of-settat-morocco-mentha-piperita-mentha-pulegium-and-mentha-spicata.ID.000120.php

https://lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/chemical-study-by-gc-ms-of-the-essential-oils-of-certain-mints-grown-in-the-region-of-settat-morocco-mentha-piperita-mentha-pulegium-and-mentha-spicata.ID.000120.php

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Structural and Vibrational Study On the Acid, Hexa-Hydrated and Anhydrous Trisodic Salts of Antiviral Drug Foscarnet: (DDIPIJ)-Lupine Publishers

Structural and Vibrational Study On the Acid, Hexa-Hydrated and Anhydrous Trisodic Salts of Antiviral Drug Foscarnet by Silvia A Brandán in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers

The structural and vibrational properties of acid species, hexa-hydrated and anhydrous trisodic salts of antiviral drug foscarnet in gas phase and in aqueous solution have been studied in this work by using the hybrid B3LYP method with the 6-31G* and 6-311++G** basis sets. The properties in solution were carried out with the self consistent reaction force (SCRF) method by using the integral equation formalism variant polarised continuum (IEFPCM) and SD models while the complete vibrational assignments for those three species were performed in both media by using the experimental available infrared spectrum of hexa-hydrated trisodic salt and the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) methodology. The natural bond orbital (NBO) studies suggest that the hexa-hydrated salt in solution is most stable than the anhydrous one in the same medium but in gas phases the anhydrous salt shows a higher stability in solution. The atoms in molecules (AIM) analyses have revealed the ionic characteristics of the O--- Na bonds in both salts supporting the higher stability of the hexa-hydrated salt in solution. The evaluation of the frontier orbitals show that the anhydrous salt is the most reactive species in solution, as supported by its higher solvation energy and volume variation. Apparently, the presences of phosphate group in foscarnet probably increase its activity when it is used as drug. The experimental infrared bands observed in the hexa-hydrated species at 1059 and 983 cm-1 are clearly attributed to the stretching modes of phosphate group while the strong bands at 1445 and 1333 cm-1 are associated to the stretching modes of carboxylate group. In addition, the force constants for the carboxylate and phosphate groups are reported.

https://www.lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/abstracts/structural-and-vibrational-study-on-the-acid-hexa-hydrated-and-anhydrous-trisodic-salts-of-antiviral-drug-foscarnet.ID.000114.php

https://www.lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/structural-and-vibrational-study-on-the-acid-hexa-hydrated-and-anhydrous-trisodic-salts-of-antiviral-drug-foscarnet.ID.000114.php

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A Comparison Study for Chances of Reduction in Cardiovascular Risk by Draksharishta in Induced Diabetic Condition:(DDIPIJ)-Lupine Publishers

A Comparison Study for Chances of Reduction in Cardiovascular Risk by Draksharishta in Induced Diabetic Condition by Subhajit Ghosh in DDIPIJ in Lupine Publishers

In this study was to evaluate the effect of Draksharishta-T and Draksharishta -M prepared by traditional and modern methods respectively and Dabur Draksharishta and comparison between them on fasting blood glucose and serum lipid profile in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of Draksharishta-T, Draksharishta-M and Dabur Draksharishta (2ml/kg p.o.) for 21 days caused a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and showed significant rise in blood glutathione level (GSH) in diabetic rats. Glibenclamide was used as a standard anti diabetic drug (10 mg/kg, p.o). These preparations also caused significant reduction in serum cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides and showed significant rise in serum HDL level in diabetic albino rats. Thus all these preparations were able to maintain the tested parameters near to the normal level significantly.

http://www.lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/abstracts/a-comparison-study-for-chances-of-reduction-in-cardiovascular-risk-by-draksharishta-in-induced-diabetic-condition.ID.000111.php

http://www.lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/a-comparison-study-for-chances-of-reduction-in-cardiovascular-risk-by-draksharishta-in-induced-diabetic-condition.ID.000111.php

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Do You Know Your New Molecular Entity (NME)?:(DDIPIJ)-Lupine Publishers

Do You Know Your New Molecular Entity (NME)? by Francois Xavier Lacasse in (DDIPIJ) in Lupine Publishers

During the last decades, life science startup companies have relatively rapidly increased their presence in the pharmaceutical landscape. Pharmaceutical development has evolved because technology (analytical and process development) and clinical development (hybrid design in phase 1, including patients in phase 1B) have evolved in parallel allowing in certain cases to decrease the time to regulatory filings (IND, CTA, NDA, NDA 505 (b)(2),..), which seemed attractive for startup companies. However, new molecular entities have become more complex since polypeptides, proteins, and monoclonal antibodies drug products take more and more place in many therapeutic areas (more than 50% in the 50 best seller drugs) along with the more conventional small molecules. But it is not the end of small molecules; research institutes, startup companies are still busy working hard to develop more powerful small molecules, since the physiopathology has also evolved and helped finding some new targets to enhance their efficacy and decrease their lack of selectivity. Startup companies are mostly driven by high level scientists and few of them are familiar with the drug development process, including its early phases. Scientists do know their NMEs from a scientific point of view however, much less and, sometimes, not at all in terms of potential drug product candidates.

https://www.lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/abstracts/do-you-know-your-new-molecular-entity-nme.ID.000101.php

https://www.lupinepublishers.com/drug-designing-journal/fulltext/do-you-know-your-new-molecular-entity-nme.ID.000101.php

Drug Designing & Intellectual Properties International Journal (DDIPIJ)- (ISSN: 2637-4706)- Lupine Publishers

Drug Designing & Intellectual Properties International Journal- Lupine Publishers

Drug Designing & Intellectual Properties International Journal (DDIPIJ) is an international peer reviewed open access journal presenting original research and contributions and scientific advances in the field of drug design and development. Drug Designing & Intellectual Properties International Journal welcomes research articles, review articles, letter to the editors, editorials, case reports and innovations relating to all aspects of drug design and development and related sciences. Intellectual property (IP) pertains to any original creation of the human intellect such as artistic, literary, scientific creation. Several types properties of intellectual property protection like patent, copy right, trademark, etc. Patent is recognition for invention, which satisfies the criteria of global innovation, non obviousness.